According to Deborah and Pullum, how is Henriettas story going to be different for Henriettas great-grandchildren and future generations? 3. X-rays show a massive inoperable tumor in her pelvis. Then Fred, Cootie, and Day all die as well. The Lacks Legacy: Reforming Racism in the Medical Field Explain the inherent irony of the fact that the Tuskegee HeLa production lab was operating at the same time that the infamous syphilis study was being conducted. 2. Compare and contrast the medical research likely performed on Elsie with Geys research and Southams research. Where They Are Now/Afterword 1. What made Day change his mind and allow the autopsy? She was trained as a surgical nurse.Mary KubicekGeorge Geys lab assistant who cultured HeLa cells for the first timeRichard Wesley TeLindeone of the top cervical cancer experts in the country at the time of Henriettas diagnosis. 3. All content 2019 Texas Christian University. Why do you think Skloot chose this title? The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Suffering | Shmoop Many of these topics could be easily applied to group projects. 5. Paraphrase the explanation of how a virus reproduces found on page 97. Susan Hsu the post-doctoral student in Victor McKusicks lab who was assigned to make contact with the Lackses and request samples from them for genetic testing without informed consent. 11. Miraculously, he had a book that contained reports from 1955. You can view our. About the Author REBECCA SKLOOT is an award-winning science writer whose articles have appeared in The New York Times Magazine; O, The Oprah Magazine; Discover; Prevention; Glamour; and others. 3. Rebecca finishes the book and tries to call Deborah in order to read it to her, but Deborah doesn't answer the phone. What does Deborahs comment to Lurz that if you gonna go into history, you cant do it with a hate attitude tell you about the type of person she is? Deborah submitted a request to have copies made of Elsie Lacks medical records, and Lurz left Skloot and Deborah with some archival documents to look through while he made the copies. 9. What are some of the intended and unintended consequences of irresponsible journalism? What reason does Deborah give for not wanting Skloot to type out Henriettas records word-for-word? Rebecca visits Clover, and is shocked to find that the abandoned buildings in the town have been torn down. Explain your answer. Why, specifically, did the Jewish doctors at the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital object to Southams cancer study? 6. 3. What was the Supreme Court of Californias decision regarding the Moore lawsuit? Explain why this is an important moment both for Deborah and for Skloot. 8. How did Day, Sonny, and Lawrence respond to Joes crime? As a writing assignment, have students practice writing completely factual and objective narrative descriptions of historical locations or figures based on primary source documents such as photographs, eyewitness accounts, testimonies, and public records. How did Southam justify his decision to inject HeLa cells into patients without their knowledge or consent? WebWhat does Pattillo tell Skloot about Elsie Lacks? 7. 3. How was the timing of this realization ironic? Want to know what people are actually reading right now? During the 1950s, however, Crownsville was essentially a dumping ground for unwanted African Americansthe ill, the mentally impaired, and even criminals. Locate a passage that you found particularly effective or memorable, and explain why you selected it. His casual remark sparked Skloots interest, and led to a research project that would take over a decade to complete. The women are allowed to continue through the records. What are the consequences of this perspective? She helped raise Lawrences siblings after Henriettas death and advocatedfor them when she discovered they were being abused.Cliff GarretHenriettas cousin. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Teachers Guide WebElsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant)Henriettas second born and eldest daughter. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Elsie Lacks: Henriettas Daughter, Committed to a Hospital. This section became known as Lacks Town.Alfred Cheetah CarterDeborahs first husband. Chapter Twenty-Nine: A Village of Henriettas 1. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. He had five children by a former slave named Maria and leftpart of the Lacks plantation to them. The Press is home to the largest journal publication program of any U.S.-based university press. Instant downloads of all 1725 LitChart PDFs 13. Explain the connection that Sonny makes between his mothers personality and the ways he believes HeLa cells have been used. They hadnt. Henrietta went to her house after radiation treatments at Johns Hopkins.Reverend James PullumDeborahs second ex-husband, a former steel-mill worker who became a preacherSadie SturdivantMargarets sister, Henriettas cousin and confidante, she supported Henrietta during her illness. Members of the Medical and Scientific CommunityAlexis CarrelFrench surgeon and Nobel Prize recipient who claimed to have cultured immortal chicken-heart cellsChester Southamcancer researcher who conducted unethical experiments to see whether or not HeLa could infect people with cancerChristoph Lengauercancer researcher at Johns Hopkins who helped develop FISH, a technique used to detect and identify DNA sequences, and who reached out to members of the Lacks familyEmanuel Mandeldirector of medicine at the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital (JCDH) who partnered with Southam in unethical experimentsDr. How have groups of people such as African Americans, women, children, and most recently, immigrants, fought for legislation protecting their right to privacy? Please try again later. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. What is their position on suing over the use of HeLa? How did this abuse affect him? For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions What obstacle almost kept her from doing so? 10. Although most of Crownsvilles medical records from between 1910 and the late fifties had been destroyedthe documents had become contaminated with asbestosLurz had saved some clothbound books full of autopsy reports. In April of 1951, she underwent surgery to remove the larger tumor on her cervix. Deborah submitted a request to have copies made of Elsie Lacks medical records, and Lurz left Skloot and Deborah with some archival documents to look through while he made the copies. Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes, or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms. 4. He also tells Deborah that her mother's cancer was caused by a virus, so she is unlikely to develop the same disease herself. Why would HeLa contamination be a problem for researchers? Alexis Carrel French surgeon and Nobel Prize recipient who claimed to have cultured immortal chicken-heart cells. What important information did Henriettas doctor fail to give her before starting her cancer treatment? Chapter Thirty-Eight: The Long Road to Clover 1. Do you find this story believable? Her investigation of the true story behind HeLa eventually led her to form significantand in some cases, life-changingrelationships with the surviving members of the Lacks family, especially Henriettas daughter, Deborah. Gary Lacks Gladys son and Deborahs cousin. Free trial is available to new customers only. College and Career Success/Interdisciplinary. Deborah clearly wasnt handling the stress of the day well. due to epilepsy and died at age fifteen. How did the media react to Carrels announcement that he had grown immortal chicken heart cells? What new perspective did she gain after these experiences? Richard Wesley TeLinde one of the top cervical cancer experts in the country at the time of Henriettas diagnosis. What attempts (e.g. Before You Read Point out the differences between the genres of historical fiction and nonfiction. What happened when the family started to bury Henriettas body? Victor McKusick geneticist at Johns Hopkins who conducted research on samples taken from Henriettas children without informed consent to learn more about HeLa cells. Two courts later rule against the patients.2005 By this date, the U.S. government has issued patents relating to the use of about 20 percent of known human genes, including genes for Alzheimers, asthma, colon cancer, and, most famously, breast cancer.2006 An NIH researcher is charged with violating a federal conflict-of-interest law for providing thousands of tissue samples to the pharmaceutical company Pfizer in exchange for about half a million dollars.2009 The National Institutes of Health invests $13.5 million to develop a bank for fetal blood samples.2009 Parents in Minnesota and Texas sue to stop the nationwide practice of storing and conducting researchwithout consenton fetal blood samples, many of which can be traced back to the infants they came from.2009 More than 150,000 scientists join the American Civil Liberties Union and breast-cancer patients in suing Myriad Genetics over its breast-cancer gene patents. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 7. Through the microscope, Deborah and Zakariyya watch their mother's cells divide in culture. Deborah says she's going to bed, but then continues to check on Rebecca every few minutes, making up increasingly bizarre excuses each time. They wander around the building looking for the medical records office, before Deborah finally takes matters into her own hands and starts yelling to get someone's attention. Did the family give informed consent for the research done on those samples? 5. What burden does he ask to be lifted from Deborah? The title of this chapter contains an allusion to the classic horror movie Frankenstein. 2. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Why were the hospitals medical records from the 1950s and earlier disposed of? Based on the objective details in her medical chart, what can you infer about Henriettas life and personality? Why Different Societies Have Different Moral Codes | Shortform Books 5. This is known as the Hayflick limit. Sonny undergoes a successful quadruple bypass survey, but wakes up $125,000 in debt because he did not have medical insurance. Why did Deborah agree to help Speed and Wyche with their museum project? 4. Courtney Mama Speed resident of Turner Station and owner of Speeds Grocery. 2. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. 5. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Cast of CharactersImmediate Lacks FamilyDavid Day LacksHenriettas husband and cousinDavid Jr. Sonny LacksHenrietta and Days third childDeborah Dale LacksHenrietta and Days fourth childElsie Lacks (born Lucille Elsie Pleasant)Henriettas second born and eldest daughter. Explain why it would be easy to believe that the Marvel super villain, Hela, Goddess of Death, was based on Henrietta Lacks. Patients with all sorts of diagnosesfrom dementia and TB to low self-esteemwere grouped together in airless rooms, and many patients had to share beds, sleeping head to toe on twin mattresses. What questions did Deborah have about her mother and sister? to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. She was just thirty-one years old. What was the lawyers main argument in Joes defense? The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks tells a riveting story of the collision between ethics, race, and medicine; of scientific discovery and faith healing; and of a daughter consumed with questions about the mother she never knew. Explain why Golds journalism could be considered irresponsible and/or unethical. WebHowever, only a few weeks later, her medical records indicate that Henrietta was in agonizing pain and unable to urinate. 4. He ended up abusing Deborah.Gary LacksGladyss son and Deborahs cousin. Lengauer thanked them for coming and acknowledged how difficult it must have been for Deborah and Zakariyya to come into a Hopkins lab. What did Pullum ask Skloot to preach about at JaBreas baptism? Explain how the action against Southam and Mandel led to the development of informed consent forms as a standard medical practice. 8. The conference is suddenly canceled after September 11, with no plans to reschedule. Contrast the experience Henriettas great-grandchildren, Alfred and Davon, have at the Maryland Science Center with the experience Deborah, Sonny, and Lawrence had growing up. Describe the relationship between Deborah and her grandson Davon. Skloot tells her that the blood McKusick took from her family wasn't for a cancer test. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. What rhetorical strategies are used to counter Wyches appeal? Describe Keenan Kester Cofield. What events led to it being developed? Chapter Nine: Turner Station 1. When Skloot sees Henrietta's medical records lying on her bed with Deborah's other papers, she makes the mistake of reaching for them. 6. Margaret Sturdivant Henriettas cousin and confidante. Gladys' son Gary, who is a lay preacher, comes in. Chapter Twenty-One: Night Doctors 1. What objective details suggest that Henrietta was a devoted and loving mother? His manipulative behavior causes fear and stress for those involved. It is important to remember that this book is not just about HeLa and Henrietta, but also about the friendship between these two women, and so this night is a crucial turning point in that story. Explain Van Valens theory that HeLa cells are no longer human. Was his theory accepted by the scientific community? 6. How does Skloot use transitions to develop continuity between sections that do not appear in chronological order? He and his wife, Ethel, moved in with Day after Henriettas death to helptake care of the children. What do these interactions reveal about their attitudes toward religious faith? three American Literary Magazine Awards for Editorial Content in the 1990s. Summarize the events in Deborahs life leading up to her initial contact with Rebecca Skloot. WebLucille Elsie Lacks. David Jr. Sonny Lacks Henrietta and Days third child, Deborah Dale Lacks Henrietta and Days fourth child. Once HeLa started growing, was Henrietta informed that her cells were being used in Geys research? What was ironic about the creation of Speed and Wyches Henrietta Lacks Foundation? 10. She and Henrietta sometimes sneaked out to go dancing. As the official publication of the Division on Black American Zakariyya uses the term disrespect to describe Geys treatment of Henrietta and the family. Elsie Lacks Summarize the events in Deborahs life leading up to her initial contact with Rebecca Skloot. 5. How long did Henrietta wait between first telling her girlfriends that something didnt feel right and going to the doctor? Why did scientists want to be able to clone cells for research? Meanwhile, Henrietta's family continued to live in poverty and frequently poor health, and their discovery decades later of her unknowing contribution--and her cells' strange survival--left them full of pride, anger, and suspicion. Why do you think Joe turned himself in to the police? What information about her mother was Deborah unwilling to share with Skloot? Rebecca remembers when Deborah said that heaven must look like Clover, Virginia. According to Stevenson, why did scientists develop the argument that HeLa cells are no longer human? The Hospital for the Negro Insane 2001. 4. How is it being interpreted now? Lacks was summarily hospitalized and received a round of brachytherapy, a radiation treatment that involves physically inserting radium tubes into the cancerous area. As the story of HeLa unfolds, so does the story of Henriettas surviving children, who for two decades were unaware of the existence of their mothers cellsand the multimillion-dollar industry that developed around the production and use of HeLa. If Gey did speak to Henrietta just before she died, do you think she would have understood what immortal cells were? How long had Henrietta been dead when her family found out that her cells were still alive? Douglas Bez, DO | McLaren Physician Directory 4. Determine two or more central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to provide a complex analysis; provide an objective summary of the text. Explain the contribution that HeLa made to the emerging field of genetics. Based on these results, did his hypothesis appear to be correct? Prologue: The Woman in the Photograph 1. Chapter One: The Exam 1. Deborah shifts between joy at finding out new information about her mother and panic at each new fact. Carefully reread the speech Deborah gave at Morehouse College, paying particular attention to her repetition of the word understanding. Why do you think understanding HeLa was so important to Deborah? Members of the Medical and Scientific CommunityAlexis CarrelFrench surgeon and Nobel Prize recipient who claimed to have cultured immortal chicken-heart cellsChester Southam cancer researcher who conducted unethical experiments to see whether or not HeLa could infectpeople with cancerChristoph Lengauer cancer researcher at Johns Hopkins who helped develop FISH, a technique used to detect andidentify DNA sequences, and who reached out to members of the Lacks familyEmanuel Mandel director of medicine at the Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital (JCDH) who partneredwith Southam in unethical experimentsDr. What does Cootie think about the reason that HeLa cells were used to develop a polio vaccine? David Why do you think Deborah tells Skloot that she just witnessed a miracle?
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