You have a few longer answers which were already updated, but here is a concise statement of the situation in mid-2014: An independent measurement by the ICARUS collaboration, also using neutrinos traveling from CERN to Gran Sasso but using independent detector and timing hardware, found detection times "compatible with the simultaneous arrival of all events with equal speed, the one of light.". Either energy and momentum were being lost, and these supposedly fundamental conservation laws were no good, or there was a hitherto undetected additional particle being created that carried that excess energy and momentum away. "Assumed" because there is no discussion of the effect of the collective refraction index due to the atmosphere, ionosphere, magnetic field (and maybe etc) of the earth in the measure of time they use. If so, would it be a real violation of Lorentz invariance or an "almost, but not quite" effect? We stop timing the neutrino when it arrives in Italy, and calculate that it moves at a speed that's comfortably below the speed of light. Particles Moved Faster Than Speed of Light? - National Geographic I read the published article, Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam, with their findings. Weve measured neutrinos and antineutrinos produced by particle accelerator experiments. In an edited press release (and probably in the peer-reviewed literature as well), all four of the neutrino experiments at Gran Sasso report results consistent with relativity. A careless reading of the paper might make you think that it is contrary to Einstein, but it is not. Only with a different particle (e.g. How this animal can survive is a mystery. ', referring to the nuclear power plant in Ignalina, mean? The timing itself is based on a quite elaborate statistical analysis. conventionally. How more honest can you be? But since they have mass, there is no reason that they couldnt travel at any speed. Its possible to have an unstable atomic nucleus that doesnt just undergo beta decay, but double beta decay: where two neutrons in the nucleus simultaneously both undergo beta decay. In other words, the more energy your neutrino has, the more likely it is to interact with you. STDs are at a shocking high. But light travels at a constant speed. Note that if there is a dark matter/neutrino interaction present, the acoustic scale could be altered. The arXiv paper studied them, and seem to exclude it. A detector spotted the arrival of a small fraction of the particles about 16,000 in total between 2009 and 2011. Invest in quality science journalism by donating today. They can change flavor from one type (electron, mu, tau) into another. Beta decay is a decay that [+] proceeds through the weak interactions, converting a neutron into a proton, electron, and an anti-electron neutrino. Perhaps it is just an indication that the particles in a vacuum are more likely to be electromagnetic-interacting than weak-interacting. The little-known history of the Florida panther. However, slow-moving neutrinos cannot produce a detectable signal in this fashion. This may mean that theres much more going on in particle physics than we thought possible, says Mewes. @jonathan I'll delete my answer if neutrinos travelling faster than c is confirmed, big question or not ;). This is a place that people are examining for subtle effects. photomultiplier tubes lining the detector walls, showcase the successful methodology of neutrino astronomy. Actually the impossibility of FTL neutrinos is quite different from the impossibility of tunnelling through a brick wall. To put the remarkably small size of a neutrino into perspective, consider that neutrinos are thought to be a million times smaller than electrons, which have a mass of 9.11 10 -31 kilograms 2. The neutrinos shaved about 60 nanoseconds off that time, according to atomic clocks at either end synchronized by a satellite. It uses an experimental design that was never intended for this purpose, and that is inherently poorly suited to it; the beam pulses were 10,000 ns wide, and the shift they claim to have measured is only 60 ns. These are simple measurements that could be checked in an afternoon by a competent 2nd-year grad student. Neutrinos The journey would take a beam of light around 2.4 milliseconds to complete, but after running the Opera experiment for three years and timing the arrival of 15,000 neutrinos, the scientists have calculated that the particles arrived at Gran Sasso 60 billionths of a second earlier, with an error margin of plus or minus 10 billionths of a second. But the three types of neutrino all mix together, indicating they must be massive and, furthermore, that neutrinos and antineutrinos may in fact be the same particle as one another: Majorana fermions. Update: This possibility excluded by a new experiment with 3 ns pulses. Whether right-handed neutrinos (and left-handed antineutrinos) are real or not is an unanswered question that could unlock many mysteries about the cosmos. The only explanation is systematic errors in GPS position, GPS time, or bunching statistics. It depends. Of course the conclusion would be to investigate if there is one circuit running on one clock pulse less than expected by design / testing. gives the max value of $\frac{\left|c_{V\pm\delta V}-c_{V}\right|}{c_{V}}\cdot10^{5}$=10.2. Next year, teams working on two other experiments at Gran Sasso experiments - Borexino and Icarus - will begin independent cross-checks of Opera's results. I'm quite impressed that they had ~100ns timing resolution between the two laboratories; the "discovery" came about because they were trying to do ten times better than that. Maybe a control would be to send photons along the same trajectory and measure THEIR speed? Recent experiments show that particles should be able to go faster than light when they quantum [8] In February and March 2012, OPERA researchers blamed this result on a loose fibre optic cable connecting a GPS receiver to an As the neutrino experiment goes by, we start timing one of the neutrinos as it exits the source in Switzerland. It only takes a minute to sign up. It would take approximately 26 years for that particle to be detected: the elusive neutrino. So why, then, do we only see neutrinos traveling at velocities consistent with the speed of light? The problem with the GPS position measurements (I think that the time measurements are accurate) is that the relative position is not subject to the same systematics as the aboslute position. Therefore, there's a mistake in the computation of the speed of neutrinos, in the calculations on the run lenght, in the interaction time calculations, during the generation and also the detection of those evanescent particles! A neutrino event, identifiable by the rings of Cherenkov radiation that show up along the [+] photomultiplier tubes lining the detector walls, showcase the successful methodology of neutrino astronomy. Inevitably, if this turned out to be the case, the real upper limit is slightly higher again, since neutrinos are massive and thus move below the maximum speed. A bad cable connector can take a beautiful digital logic signal and reflect part of it back to the emitter, in a time-dependent way, turning the received signal into an analog mess with a complicated shape. E.g., the delay in the 8.3-km optical fiber has been measured both by two-way timing and using a portable clock, and it's been measured repeatedly over time so that one can rule out changes in optical properties due to aging of the plastic. Using $c_0=299792.458$ Km/s is two-way light speed, $V\;$ is the speed of the lab in relation to the CMB: $V=V_{SS}+V_E$=369$\pm$30 km/s (data from here) Divide distance by time, and the The OPERA experiment data showed neutrinos arriving at the detector surprisingly quickly, supposedly traveling faster than the speed of light. Like most scientists, my guess is an unaccounted for systematic error (because they definitely have statistical significance and precision on their side) that has yet to be pointed out, but it probably won't take too long with all the theoretical physicists that will be pouring through this experiment. However, I will post this "consideration" anyway This is a serious experiment, and these are serious people, says Smolin. 2023 BBC. Update: Rumors seems to tell that the boring explanation is the good one. Apparently a CERN/Gran Sasso team measured a faster-than-light speed for neutrinos. But they would also need to explain why previous experiments with particles of light have already ruled out effects that could explain the new neutrino results. It looks like they took an insane amount of care with their measurement of distance and time. Physics Neutrino watch: Speed claim baffles Youd never, no matter how much energy you put into yourself, be able to overtake it. The difference they found with respect to the speed of light is very small, so some errors in the calulations must have been made. I wound up spending several thousand dollars on signal terminators to swallow the echo downstairs. @Ron, any (general) relativistic effect cannot make the speed superluminal, but it can make your length measurement based on GPS incorrect. After all, this isnt the first report of improbably speedy neutrinos. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. faster than light - Superluminal neutrinos - Physics Stack Exchange [2], This experiment doesn't use that sort of 'stopwatch' timing mechanism though. And a cable can go bad if somebody hits it the wrong way with their butt while they are working in the electronics room. the "missing time" is 62.5ns (compatible with 62.1 +/-3.7ns). Even so, this very experiment was a repeat of a MINOS experiment, which found the same effect at much lower levels of confidence, and this time it involved 15.000+ neutrino detections (which, however, could not be individually labelled faster or slower than light). Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. (I'm a theorist, BTW; you do not have to be an experimentalist to acknowledge that. When the Opera team ran the improved experiment 20 times, they found almost exactly the same result. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Get great science journalism, from the most trusted source, delivered to your doorstep. Divide distance by time, and the particles must have been traveling 0.0025 percent faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This newfound behavior may offer a clue to how these reptiles will respond to a warming planet. @Carl: and this is supposed to make one trust their report, independent measurement by the ICARUS collaboration, Times of Flight between a Source and a Detector observed from a GPS satelite, Measurement of the neutrino velocity with the OPERA detector in the CNGS beam, arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1109/1109.4897.pdf, Cosmological Principle and Relativity - Part I, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. It is published by the Society for Science, a nonprofit 501(c)(3) membership organization dedicated to public engagement in scientific research and education (EIN 53-0196483). Fermilab might have a better shot. When your particles are travelling on the scale (730534.61 0.20) metres, this is more than enough precision: It's going to take a lot more than grassroots skepticism to think of what could have caused this discrepancy. The explanation for the error provided is cogent, clear, and almost certainly correct. In theory, because neutrinos have a non-zero rest mass, it should be possible for them to slow down to non-relativistic speeds. The new, preliminary result shows that neutrinos arrived at OPERA 1.6 nanoseconds slower than light would have, with an error of 6.2 nanoseconds. How to take into account the reference frames with the revolution and rotation of the Earth in OPERA's superluminal neutrinos? Five different teams of physicists have now independently verified that elusive subatomic particles called neutrinos do not travel faster than light. Or was that a user edit merged into the bot's edit resulting in a misleading timeline? "This is reinforcing the previous finding and ruling out some possible systematic errors which could have in principle been affecting it," said Antonio Ereditato of the Opera collaboration. I've seen suggestions such as the gravity of the Earth being different along the path of the neutrinos, which warps space/time unevenly. it is also unlikely that the light speed has been measured incorreclty so far. It might be possible that the neutrino emitted early are not exactly the same as the one emitted late. "If that happens, the concept of causality becomes ambiguous, and that would cause a great deal of trouble. To approach a question 400 million years in the making, researchers turned to mudskippers, blinking fish that live partially out of water. This will be a tremendous revolutionary finding if it is true, says Chang Kee Jung, a particle physicist at Stony Brook University in New York and a spokesperson for the T2K neutrino experiment in Japan. Neutrino 'faster than light' scientist resigns - BBC News Every neutrino weve ever observed is left-handed (if you point your thumb in its direction of motion, your left hands fingers curl in the direction of its spin, or intrinsic angular momentum), and every anti-neutrino is right-handed. Tunnelling through a brick wall wouldn't actually violate any known law of physics, it's just sufficiently improbable according to those laws that if we ever observed it, we'd consider it more likely that our theories have to be amended than that we just have observed such an unlikely event. Its a fascinating question. Other experiments in the same neutrino beam (and elsewhere around the world) were unable to replicate the anomaly.
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